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   » » Wiki: Voiced Dental, Alveolar And Postalveolar Nasals
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Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals
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The voiced alveolar nasal is a type of sound used in numerous spoken . The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents , alveolar, and postalveolar is , and the equivalent symbol is n.

The vast majority of languages have either an alveolar or dental nasal. There are a few languages that lack either sound but have , such as , , and colloquial (however, these languages all have . An example of a language without and is ). There are some languages (e.g. ) that lack both and .

True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the Romance, Dravidian, and Australian languages, n is often called "dental" in the literature. However, the rearmost contact, which gives a consonant its distinctive sound, is actually alveolar or denti-alveolar. The difference between the Romance languages and English is not so much where the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth but the part of the tongue that makes contact. In English, it is the tip of the tongue (such sounds are termed ), but in the Romance languages, it is the flat of the tongue just above the tip (such sounds are called laminal).

However, there are languages with true apical (or less commonly laminal) dental n. It is found in the of South America, where it is actually interdental. A true dental generally occurs before in the languages that have it, as in English te nth. Similarly, a denti-alveolar allophone occurs in languages that have denti-alveolar stops, as in Spanish ci nta.

Some languages contrast laminal denti-alveolar and apical alveolar nasals. For example, in the pronunciation of Nārāyanan, the first n is dental, the second is retroflex, and the third alveolar.

A postalveolar nasal occurs in a number of Australian Aboriginal languages, including Djeebbana and .


Features
Features of the voiced alveolar nasal:

  • There are four specific variants of :
    • , which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper , termed respectively and laminal.
    • Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the , and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
    • Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
    • Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.


Occurrence

Dental
Laminal denti-alveolar. Contrasts with palatalized form. See Belarusian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of before . See Catalan phonology
/šănaʃɒn̪a'a fly'
Laminal denti-alveolar, sometimes simply alveolar. See
Interdental. Allophone of before .
See Esperanto phonology
Allophone of before .
Laminal denti-alveolar, sometimes simply alveolar. See
Interdental. Allophone of . See Modern Greek phonology
Hindustaniया / najā 'new'See Hindi–Urdu phonology
rtl=yes / najā
'eat'
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Hungarian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of before . See Italian phonology
.
Japanese/namidan̪ämʲid̪ä'tear'Laminal denti-alveolar. See Japanese phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar.
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of before .
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of before .
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Latvian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Macedonian phonology
Interdental for some speakers. See Malayalam phonology
Interdental.
ख/nakh 'fingernail'See Marathi phonology
सुग न्ध 'fraɡrance'Allophone of /n/ in neighbourhood of /t̪, t̪ʰ, d̪, d̪ʱ/.
Laminal denti-alveolar. Alveolar before . See
Laminal denti-alveolar. May preceding vowel (especially if stressed). Has as allophone, forming from clusters with , and before .
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of after a stressed in more stigmatized varieties. See Portuguese phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. See Romanian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with palatalized form. See Russian phonology
. Contrasts with alveolar and palatal .
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of before . See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of before . See Slovene phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar. Allophone of before . See Spanish phonology
dialectitalic=yes/italic=yes/italic=yes 'rat'Dental. Orthography is variable.
(2025). 9789966128249, Twaweza Communications Ltd. .
(2025). 9789966128249, Twaweza Communications Ltd. .
See
Occurs as an of when followed by .
Laminal denti-alveolar, contrasts with palatalized form. See Ukrainian phonology
Laminal denti-alveolar.


Alveolar
See
See Bengali phonology
See Cantonese phonology
See Catalan phonology
See
See
See English phonology
See Finnish phonology
See
See Modern Greek phonology
See Gujarati phonology
See Hawaiian phonology
See Modern Hebrew phonology
See Italian phonology
Palatalized.
See
See
KurdishKurdish alphabet]] 'animal'See Kurdish phonology
Kurdish alphabet]]/gîyânlabar
See Malayalam phonology
難/难/Hanyu Pinyin]] 'difficult'See Mandarin phonology
क्कल/nakkal 'imitation'See
Can occur as onset, nucleus, or coda. Allophone of m, ŋ, and ɴ in coda, but phonemic elsewhere.
نون/nunnun'bread'
Allophone of (which is normally laminal denti-alveolar ) before . See
Contrasts with velarised dental and palatal .
Some speakersitalic=yes 'horse'See Slovene phonology
See Spanish phonology
ndizin̩dizi'banana'
Tagalog phonology
Thai script]]/Thai script]]nɔːn'sleep'See Thai phonology
nokanoka'foot'
See Turkish phonology
See
Occurs only before alveolar consonants. See Vietnamese phonology
See
contrasts with a fortis alveolar nasal that is not represented in the orthography.


Postalveolar
Allophone of before , may be instead. See Catalan phonology
Result of rhotic plus alveolar .
Allophone of before . See Australian English phonology
Palatalized laminal; allophone of before . See Italian phonology


Variable
Laminal denti-alveolar for some speakers, alveolar for other speakers.
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar, laminal alveolar and apical alveolar. See Standard German phonology
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and laminal alveolar. See Norwegian phonology
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, with the former being predominant. See Swedish phonology


See also
  • Index of phonetics articles


Notes


External links
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